Por: Gabriela Ensinck, con infomación de Fundación El Libro y Eleconomista.com
El lunes 13 de mayo cerró la 48 Feria Internacional del Libro de Buemos Aires, con un balance agridulce. Por un lado, el hecho de haber podido llevar a cabo este importante y tradicional evento cultural en medio de la crisis inflacionaria, de ajuste y pérdida de empleos e ingresos, y el ataque a las industrias culturales por parte del gobierno de Javier Milei y sus aliados de Cambiemos, es un signo positivo.
Por otra parte, los números fríos de la Feria muestran el impacto de un modelo económico que ataca a la industria en general, y a las industrias culturales en particular.
La 48 Feria del Libro, que se realizó del 25 de abril al 13 de Mayo, con Lisboa como ciudad invitada, registró 1.126.351 visitantes, casi el 10% menos que en 2023. Y a pesar de que este año la Feria habilitó la entrada gratuita de lunes a viernes después de las 20 y brindó chequelibros, promociones con tarjetas bancarias y ofertas propuestas por algunas editoriales, se registraron ventas un 40% por debajo de la última edición.
En 2023, los ejemplares tenían un costo promedio de entre $6.000 y $8.000 y este año la mayoría de las novedades arrancaron con un valor promedio de $18.000.
Entre los más vendidos de la Feria se encuentran «En agosto nos vemos» de Gabriel García Márquez, «Felicidad» de Gabriel Rolón, «La casa Neville» de Florencia Bonelli y «El poder de las palabras» de Mariano Sigman, entre otros.
El informe «Menos stands, menos inversión», elaborado por La Cámara de la Industria Ferial Argentina (CAIFE), señala que en 2023 ya hubo una caída de ventas del 24% en relación a 2022: En tanto, El presidente de la Cámara Argentina del Libro (CAL), Juan Manuel Pampín, aseguró que «a nivel interanual, en diciembre las ventas de libros cayeron 20%; en enero y febrero, 30% y en marzo y abril, 40%»
«Lo normal del papel era que representaba 30% del costo industrial del libro y hoy está en 55%. Hay oligopolios que determinan el precio. El papel es un ‘commodity’, como la soja. En Argentina duplica el precio internacional. En Europa, el kilo vale dos dólares y, en Argentina, cuesta cuatro», explicó Pampín en declaraciones a El Economista.com.
Esta tradicional y masiva Feria, es una de las más grandes de América Latina y un importante motor para el turismo por ser la más concurrida en el mundo de habla hispana. Sin embargo, este año tuvo menos metros cuadrados y una inversión más baja en los stands.
A esto se le suma que el programa de compras de libros subsididadas por parte de Bibliotecas Populares , fue recortado en más de 40% y hubo 800 bibliotecas menos. Este programa funcionaba desde hace 19 años mediante un acuerdo entre Conabip y la Cámara Argentina del Libro y permitía a las bibliotecas acceder a ejemplares al 50% de su valor.
Otra de las «novedades» de este año fue que el Gobierno decidió por primera vez en casi 50 años no alquilar el espacio que se destina a la secretaría de Cultura de la Nación-, que esta vez fue alquilado por la Provincia de Buenos Aires.
Jaime Usach, secretario general del CAIFE, le aseguró al medio ANCCOM que la no participación indica que la cultura no es una de las principales prioridades del Gobierno: «Es destacable la ausencia del Gobierno nacional, que se puede interpretar como una acción política, acompañada de la falta de apoyo o de interés en la cultura y en la industria, no sólo del libro. También es notoria la reducción de stands de las provincias y, en general, de editoriales y librerías. Este recorte afecta directamente a nuestra industria, a todos los que somos proveedores, a muchísimas PyMEs, ya que nuestra cadena de valor está conformada por muchos rubros, como arquitectura y diseño, herrería, carpintería, pintura, gráfica audiovisuales, mobiliario, electricidad».
El 12 de mayo Javier Milei iba a presentar en la Feria del Libro su nuevo libro «Capitalismo, socialismo y la trampa neoclásica», publicado por la editorial Planeta. Sin embargo,la presentación fue suspendida y el presidente adujo «hostilidad» por parte de los organizadores de la Feria. Además, la editorial tuvo que retirar de circulación los ejemplares de ese libro exportado a España por un «error» que consignaba que Javier Milei se recibió de economista en la UBA y tiene un posgrado en el exterior, cuando ambas cosas no son ciertas.
Fuentes: Fundación El Libro y El Economista
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